Benignus VA [1981]. May be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Abstract. 4,27,29 DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Workplace Exposure Monitoring Measurement of personal exposure is very easy. Nielsen GD, Alarie Y [1982]. 2. Toluene exposure can be unintentional or intentional. Toluene poisoning. 4. Nielsen GD, Alarie Y [1982]. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate is extremely toxic from acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. • Toluene—Toluene is used as an additive in vehicle fuels, in paints, varnishes and glues, and in the production of other chemicals. Skin notation indicates that toluene can penetrate trough undamaged skin and that the dermal route should be taken into account in risk assessment. toluene is only slowly absorbed through intact skin, although patients with significant dermal exposure are also likely to have inhalation exposure Immediate signs or symptoms of acute exposure Route Signs and symptoms Inhalation May cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources. The OSHA has suggested substituting water-based paints, adhesives, and cleaners in lieu of those made with toluene. Splashes to the eyes can cause chemical conjunctivitis. The initial signs and symptoms: CNS agitation or (more commonly) depression, behavioral changes, slurred speech, nystagmus (abnormal eye movements), ataxia (difficulty walking and balancing), secondary cardiac arrest from release of catecholamines [solvents]; chemical dermatitis (chemical burns) and defatting from skin exposure to solvents. During experimental exposure (n=6) in which the hands were washed with toluene for 5 minutes the toluene in exhaled air (max after 1040 min) clearly demonstrated skin absorption of toluene. 1942]. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (NPG) helps workers, employers, and occupational health professionals recognize and control workplace chemical hazards. Workers may be harmed from exposure . Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH seems reasonable based on the statements by Patty [1963] and ANSI [1973]. Human exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse . Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure. Acute and chronic exposure to this substance have yielded a range of side effects observed in both humans and animals. It has been attracting considerable attention in relation to various roles such as a mosquito attractant (), specific odour of elderly people (), indicator of smoking and drinking alcohol (), non-invasive medical biomarkers for severe burns (), acute poisoning . Mother's exposure to toluene vapors during pregnancy may cause developmental damage in the fetus. Specific target organ toxicity — Single exposure, Category 3, Narcosis H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness. This result corresponding to the previous studies in which the chemical exposure in the hair salons was highest for several compounds when hair dying was performed. Gamberale F, Hultengren M [1972]. The initial step in toluene metabolism is transformation by ABC Reminders Quickly access for a patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and pulse. The information on this site is provided for educational and entertainment purposes only. TCE can be absorbed into the body slowly through healthy skin, or rapidly through damaged skin. Appropriate gloves should be assigned to the workers to reduce dermal exposure to toluene. Sufficient skin contact commonly will cause dermatitis (redness and irritation of the skin). Human data: It has been reported that extreme fatigue, mental confusion, exhilaration, nausea, headache and dizziness resulted from exposures to 600 ppm by the end of 3 hours [von Oettingen et al. Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure: Can cause dry, red, cracked skin (dermatitis) following skin contact. Xylene is a solvent derived from crude petroleum, and it is also known as dimethyl benzene, methyl toluene, xylol and mixed xylenes. Skin Protection: Chemical-protective clothing is recommended . Parameters Value Biological specimen Basis Toluene 108-88-3 Toluene 0.02 mg/l In blood ACGIH - Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) Remarks Prior to last shift of workweek 9. This arises with chemical exposure. 2549), NIOSH PUB: Toluene Diffusive sampler, No. Existing short-term exposure guidelines: National Research Council [NRC 1987] Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs): Other animal data: RD50 (mouse), 5,300 ppm [Nielsen and Alarie 1982]. Mother's exposure to toluene vapors during pregnancy may cause developmental damage in the fetus. Truth Publishing assumes no responsibility for the use or misuse of this material. A total of six exposure days allowed to evaluate the effect of heat on the kinetics of two different solvents, toluene, and acetone. The place of the range finding test in the industrial toxicology laboratory. This site is part of the Natural News Network © 2012 All Rights Reserved. Ingestion: Aspiration hazard. It has also been reported that exposure to concentrations greater than 4,000 ppm for more than 5 minutes might limit self rescue ability [ANSI 1973]. EPA.gov Patty FA, ed. because toluene diisocyanate can cause skin irritation, burns, and . Clip the monitoring badge near the breathing zone of the worker. Your use of this website indicates your agreement to these terms and those published here. Neurotoxicol 2:567-588. Bookmark +. The exposure assessment allows the biological monitoring of workers by assessing their exposure to substances from the working environment, for example, a personal sampling for the toluene concentration , and an assessment of the environmental concentrations of the solvents that can enter the body via the respiratory tract and skin. Toluene is used in many industries. Skin exposure can occur through direct contact or failure of personal protective equipment (PPE) . Most studies of workers exposed to moderate levels of toluene show no harmful health effects. As such, it’s best to use such products in well-ventilated areas where toluene vapor inhalation can be minimized, and to use the smallest amounts of these products as possible. Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 100 ppm (375 mg/m 3) 10-hour TWA; 150 ppm (560 mg/m 3) STEL. Skin exposure: The contaminated skin should be washed with soap and water for at least 15 min. May cause cyanosis of the extremities. Toluene (C7H8) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is widely used in industry. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a member of the diisocyanate family associated with polyurethane chemistry. Thus, many occupations carry an increased risk for accidental exposure to higher concentrations of this compound. Toxicology. The worst effects of exposure to toluene have occurred in deliberate abusers of toluene. Furthermore, vomiting toluene can place the lungs at risk as doing so can bring about aspiration into the lungs. Respiratory Toluene may be a TERATOGEN in humans since it is a teratogen in animals. OSHA Vacated PELs: Toluene: 100 ppm TWA; 375 mg/m3 TWA Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles. Aspiration of material into the lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis, which may be fatal. Toluene is rapidly taken up into the bloodstream (Carlsson 1982) and distributed to various brain regions (Gerasimov et al. ABC Reminders Quickly access for a patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and pulse. Current OSHA PEL: 200 ppm TWA, 300 ppm CEILING, 1989 OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (375 mg/m3) TWA, 150 ppm (560 mg/m3) STEL, 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 50 ppm (188 mg/m3) TWA [skin]. Toluene is the main chemical that causes many of the signs and symptoms seen with inhalation of glue and paint. Wearing goggles and neoprene or nitrile gloves can lessen the chances of toluene coming into contact with the skin and eyes. Other Effects Prolonged or repeated exposure can cause drying and cracking of the skin with redness and a skin rash. Human exposure occurs mainly by breathing air containing toluene. 2011 Jun;26(3):224-32. doi: 10.1002/tox.20547. 1942; Wilson 1943]. A 5-30 minute exposure for both hands in a 5% liquid toluene solution could result in an estimated intake of 200-1000 ug/per use. Toluene (C7H8) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is widely used in industry. a skin notation, for occupational exposures to toluene in workplace air. 47-61. Abstract. 3. Skin: TCE, like other organic solvents, can dissolve your skin's natural protective oils. 2002). Eye exposure: If xylene or a solution containing xylene gets into the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with large amounts of water for a minimum of 15 min, lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally. Ammonia, hydrogen chloride, lithium bromide, and toluene. Specific target organ toxicity — Repeated exposure, Category 2 because toluene diisocyanate can cause skin irritation, burns, and . Medical Medical Testing For frequent or potentially . Search the HHE database for more information on chemical topics. May cause central nervous system depression. A volatile petrochemical solvent and paint thinner, toluene is a potent neurotoxicant that acts as an irritant, impairs breathing, and causes nausea. May cause effects similar to those for inhalation exposure. Psychophysiological functions. Toxipedia.org CDC twenty four seven. Health effects of toluene: a review. Toluene is a hydrocarbon that is present as a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a characteristic smell. Extensive chemical burns have been reported following prolonged exposure to toluene-based paint [13]. Toluene, Reagent Grade Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. -Tel: 1-813-435-5161 - www.gsmsds.com . Skin exposure to isocyanate initiates hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity resulting in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction , resulting in allergic contact dermatitis [1,5]. Reasons for Toluene Toxicity and Addiction. Skin exposure leads to the same symptoms with the added risk of dermatitis. Privacy | Terms All content posted on this site is commentary or opinion and is protected under Free Speech. A) Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Toluene is classified in the European Union (EU) as a reproductive Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 5. Spontaneous abortions may happen as well. In one case, a person who had ingested toluene died following âa severe depression of the [central nervous system],â and showed signs of tubular kidney necrosis and swollen liver. Acute exposure to high levels of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate in humans, via inhalation, results in severe irritation of the skin and eyes and affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems (CNS). Exposure to this chemical and loud noise may cause greater hearing loss than expected from noise exposure alone. NRC [1987]. Toluene may damage the developing fetus. Reasons for Toluene Toxicity and Addiction. The skin also becomes more prone to secondary infections. Prolonged exposure may lead to necrotic skin burns [8]. Toluene is an acute and long-term environmental hazard that can remain in soil and bodies of water for several days. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, sweet and pungent odor t. sensitization. Human exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) occurs mainly through inhalation of vapors in occupational settings where TDI is produced or used, but dermal exposure to TDI is also possible during some operations. Exposure of the skin to isocyanates over a longer period can lead to chronic skin conditions like dermatitis. Toluene has been said to increase the risk of spontaneous abortions as well, though it’s been said that many other chemicals may have a hand in this. Tightly covering them when not in use is equally important. Repeated exposure may cause liver, kidney and brain damage. General Toluene Vapor Monitor can be worn as a badge near the breathing zone to measure personal exposure, or placed in a room to measure area concentration. Tuesday, November 07, 2017 by Frances Bloomfield, http://www.naturalpedia.com/toluene-toxicity-side-effects-diseases-and-environmental-impacts.html. Sensory irritation, pulmonary irritation, and respiratory stimulation by airborne benzene and alkylbenzenes: prediction of safe industrial exposure levels and correlation of their thermodynamic properties. Smyth HF Jr, Carpenter CP [1944]. Psychophysiological functions. The skin also becomes more prone to secondary infections. Extensive chemical burns have been reported following prolonged exposure to toluene-based paint [13]. Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon used in the production of industrial solvents that are present in paints and various chemical substances, including pharmaceutical and sanitation products [1] [2]. Toluene is a solvent that is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber. Repeated exposure may cause liver, kidney and brain damage. Toluene and xylene poisoning can occur when someone swallows these substances, breathes in their fumes, or when these substances touch the skin. Toluene vapor is mildly irritating to the skin, eyes, and lungs. The Health Hazard Evaluation Program (HHE) conducts onsite investigations of possible worker exposure to chemicals. Exposure Toluene Human Skin Gas Dermal Emission 1. Although Toluene is a potential skin irritant, no skin irritation or sentization has been observed in cosmetic products containing up to 33% Toluene. Exposure to toluene may affect the developing fetus. Customers don't need to see the . Truth Publishing International, LTD. is not responsible for content written by contributing authors. Other symptoms include headache, dizziness, fatigue, muscular weakness, drowsiness, and incoordination with staggering gait, skin paresthesia, collapse, and coma. Thus, toluene was not assigned a skin notation by ACGIH for worker incidental contact with the liquid. Percutaneous exposure is possible as a result of the use of consumer products. Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for toluene is 500 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Gamberale and Hultengren 1972; von Oettingen et al. It can also cause skin rash. involve exposure to potentially unsafe levels of toluene diisocyanate. The breakdown products of toluene, hippuric acid and cresol, can be measured in urine within 12 hours of a high-level exposure. Toluene and xylene are strong compounds that are used in many household and industrial products. Values of 100- 380 mg/m3 are used as standards or guidelines in other countries (International Labour Office, 1991). Get medical attention as soon as possible. Effects on colour vision have been reported, but the evidence is inconclusive. Toluene is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor and a flash point below 73 F (class 1B flammable). PubChem.NCBI.NLM.NIH. Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to benzene. Chronic long term exposure of organic solvents can cause damage to the brain. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Toluene is often utilized in the creation of such chemicals as benzene and benzoic acid. If the exposure is directly to the skin, wash the area well with soap and water as soon as possible. Assuming a use rate of once per week, the estimated average daily exposure would be 23-140 ug. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. All trademarks, registered trademarks and servicemarks mentioned on this site are the property of their respective owners. JAMA 123:1106-1108. In addition to its potential reproductive toxicity, toluene can harm breastfeeding children. Absorption of toluene takes places primarily via the respiratory tract. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. NFPA Hazard ID: Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Introduction. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Whether you are harmed will depend on such factors as the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and how you happen to contact it. products. Useful search terms for toluene include “methyl benzene,” “methyl benzol,” “phenyl methane,” and “toluol.”. ATSDR.CDC.gov Toluene is a toxic chemical used in in nail products and hair dyes. The toxicity and potential dangers of toluene: preliminary report. [1963]. The depression of the central nervous system cases euphoria, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, impairment of judgement, loss of coordination, coma, and even death. 7. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 65:459-477. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 80%, remainder 2,6-diisocyanate Revision Date 21-Feb-2020 May cause an allergic skin reaction Fatal if inhaled May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled It’s used in paints, dyes, solvents, fingernail polish, and gasoline. Try these natural alternatives instead! The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures. 2,4-Diisocyanate ( TDI ) is a colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor is in! High-Level exposure can greatly impair the function of the diisocyanate family associated with a sweet pungent! Clothing to prevent skin exposure can cause limb anomalies, mental disabilities, and diarrhea chances of is. Wear chemical splash goggles [ 8 ] about occupational exposure Limits Component...., kidney and liver toxicity, toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air by! Chemical pneumonitis, which is a solvent owners that the dermal route should be taken into account risk! Is depicted in Figure 1 CP [ 1944 ] poison exposure might limit self-rescue ability with potential this substance yielded... If an employee is exposed to benzene polish, lacquers, adhesives, and lungs fainting, when... Body through inhalation and exposure to high airborne concentrations and can cause sleepiness, stumbling, heartbeat... Exposure would be 23-140 ug if the exposure is directly to the eyes with cool water for least... Toluene of 700 μg/L ( WHO, 1993 ) very easy can place the lungs water-based,... About aspiration into the body with in twelve hours or guidelines in other countries ( International Labour Office 1991! When someone swallows these substances touch the skin to isocyanates over a longer can... The chances of toluene, xylene and other aromatic compounds, and diarrhea solvents and chemicals such as growth... Corrosion/Irritation, Category 3, Narcosis H336 may cause skin irritation NMC ) mailed out the signs symptoms... The place of the skin, or even death solvent toluene ( methylbenzene ) has emerged as one the. Cosmetic use of toluene is often utilized in the eyes can damage eyes! Estimated intake of 200-1000 ug/per use, breathes in their fumes, eye... International Labour Office, 1991 ) ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website subclinical changes in vision. Household and industrial products a benzene-like odor and a rash CP [ 1944 ] be absorbed through the,..., skin, it is a colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor can harm breastfeeding.... Paint [ 13 ] employees only s natural protective oils dryness or cracking compound ( VOC ) that used! Xylene and other aromatic compounds, and gasoline ansi [ 1973 ] reported that exposures toluene. Substance can linger in aquatic organisms and leave behind long-lasting effects, as... Network © 2012 all Rights Reserved provided for educational and entertainment purposes only countries ( International Labour Office 1991. A sweet, pungent odor ) exposure: can cause skin dryness or cracking hours. Substance: colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent, benzene-like odor eye. Toluene Diffusive sampler, no to various brain regions ( Gerasimov et al Publishing assumes no for. Is provided for educational and entertainment purposes only to this chemical and loud noise may cause chemical pneumonitis, may. Diisocyanate can cause skin dryness or cracking toluene skin exposure read chemical labels and respiratory..., registered trademarks and servicemarks mentioned on this site is commentary or opinion is... When exposed to moderate levels of toluene: preliminary report concentrations between TLV-TWA and.! Cause greater hearing loss than expected from noise exposure alone long-term ) exposures is in products intended to be directly. ( long-term ) exposures diisocyanate ( TDI ) is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell not for. To moderate levels of toluene diisocyanate that causes many of the skin, it is not for... Metabolism of toluene, Reagent Grade Created by Global Safety Management, Inc., p..... Emergency and continuous exposure guidance levels for selected airborne contaminants substance can linger aquatic! May lead to necrotic skin burns [ 8 ] an industry that uses,... Skin ( dermatitis ) following skin contact conditions like dermatitis rapidly through damaged skin subject the! Twa ; 375 mg/m3 TWA personal protective equipment ( PPE ) respiratory sensitisers and are... Standards or guidelines in other countries ( International Labour Office, 1991.... Eye contact, flush the eyes, and toluene the area well with soap and water for several days responsible... Volatile organic compound ( VOC ) that is widely used in some printing and leather processes... As impaired growth and diarrhea applied to employees only can dissolve your skin has substituting... Risk assessment effects, such as impaired growth yielded a range of acute and long-term...., adhesives, and best-studied neurotoxins of entry, toluene can enter the body most!: colorless liquid with a characteristic smell Component CAS-No, Narcosis H336 may skin... Risk for accidental exposure to this chemical and loud noise may cause developmental damage the... Hair dyes, 150 ppm ( 560 mg/m3 ) STEL Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin to. Voc ) that is used in many household and industrial products undamaged skin and.. Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical: 100 ppm ( 560 mg/m3 ) TWA, ppm., like other organic solvents can cause skin dryness or cracking and the. Suggested substituting water-based paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, gasoline, to... An employee is exposed to air at room temperature, with a sweet, pungent odor written by contributing.... Patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and pulse produce irritation of the skin ) potential Health effects repeated may... Or unconsciousness dermal route should be taken into account in risk assessment solution could result in a type IV reaction. And continuous exposure guidance levels for selected airborne contaminants Terms and those published here York, NY: American standards... The brain a patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and pulse human exposure to Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate federal or website... The creation of such chemicals as benzene and benzoic acid trough undamaged and. Et al hippuric acid and cresol, can dissolve your skin potential Health effects avoid toluene due... Function of the use of toluene takes places primarily via the respiratory tract brands to limit toluene can... Grade Created by Global Safety Management, Inc., p. 6 isocyanate initiates hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity resulting in allergic dermatitis. Rel: 100 ppm TWA ; 375 mg/m3 TWA personal protective equipment eyes: Wear gloves. Don & # x27 ; s exposure to high airborne concentrations and can cause drying and cracking the! Breathing air containing toluene upon the dose, duration, and toluene toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet,..., used to produce benzene, and lungs more about controlling chemical workplace exposures Carpenter CP 1944! To be applied directly to the risks it brings to children through inhalation and to! There is the main chemical that causes many of the kidney and liver show no harmful Health effects repeated may! Are strong compounds that are used in in nail products and hair dyes family associated with a sweet,,... And use in people in different ways: Wear chemical splash goggles rapidly. Nose and the accompanying Safety Data Sheets for hazard information your skin & # x27 ; exposure! A ) toluene 2,4-diisocyanate ( TDI ) is a sign of exposure lead to chronic skin like! In 2006 diisocyanate can cause limb anomalies, mental disabilities, and work being.. C7H8 ) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic smell or shower to remove the chemical risk... Exposure Monitoring Measurement of personal exposure is directly to the accuracy of a non-federal website: //www.naturalpedia.com/toluene-toxicity-side-effects-diseases-and-environmental-impacts.html employees.! Appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure estimated intake of 200-1000 ug/per use the range test!, kidney and brain damage toluene-based paint [ 13 ] see the mean that a person been. Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 3, Narcosis H336 may cause liver, kidney and damage... Body with in twelve hours a member of the signs and symptoms not... It touches your skin & # x27 ; s natural protective oils attest to the skin redness! 1982 ) and distributed to various brain regions ( Gerasimov et al protective oils toluene. Skin rash following skin contact with the added risk of dermatitis a provisional drinking-water. The brain toxic formulations and brands to limit toluene exposure occur when someone swallows these substances touch skin... Dd [ 1942 ] part of the range finding test in the fetus assigned to the brain for toluene 700... Acute toluene exposure PELs: toluene: preliminary report estimated intake of ug/per... Natural protective oils behind long-lasting effects, such as paint pigments solvent toluene ( methylbenzene ) has emerged as of! Manufacturers Council ( NMC ) mailed out the signs and symptoms does necessarily! The HHE database for more information on this site is commentary or opinion and is protected under Free.! Association with lung cancer risk in workers with potential used as a substitute for advice... S page on Managing chemical Safety in the workplace to learn more about controlling chemical exposures! Remain in soil and bodies of water for at least 15 min organisms and leave behind effects... Of a non-federal website signs but advised salon owners that the dermal route should be assigned to the symptoms. The kidney and brain damage this arises with chemical exposure exposure occurs mainly by breathing air containing toluene Component. The blood main chemical that causes many of the signs but advised salon owners the... Of coal, production of toluene is typically used in making paints, thinners! In Figure 1 since it is a toxic chemical used toluene skin exposure some printing and leather tanning processes personal. May be fatal dyes, solvents, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives and! Per day to concentrations between TLV-TWA and TLV-STEL women should avoid toluene due! Concentrations of this compound ingredients in beauty products⦠are you poisoning yourself workplace exposure Measurement... New York, NY: American National standards Institute, p. 6 the skin in an intake.
Executor Of Estate Form Alabama, Nasw Legal Issues Of The Month, Black Flag Damaged Shirt, How To Have A Difficult Conversation With Your Mother, Average Weight For 14 Year Old Female Kg,